Formal logic | Definition, Examples, Symbols, & Facts
网页Formal logic, the abstract study of propositions, statements, or assertively used sentences and of deductive arguments. The discipline abstracts from the content of these elements the structures or logical forms that they embody. The logician customarily uses a symbolic notation to express such.
Logic - Wikipedia
网页Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure of arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory.
An Introduction to Formal Logic - Open Textbook Library
网页2021年2月28日 · The book covers the standard material for a first course in formal logic: central logical concepts (validity, consistency, etc.), symbolization in sentential logic and FOL with identity, truth tables, formal semantics (employing set-theoretic models), and a Fitch-style natural deduction system.
Logic I | Linguistics and Philosophy | MIT OpenCourseWare
网页In this course we will cover central aspects of modern formal logic, beginning with an explanation of what constitutes good reasoning. Topics will include validity and soundness of arguments, formal derivations, truth-functions, translations to and from a formal language, and truth-tables.
Classical Logic - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
网页2000年9月16日 · The following sections provide the basics of a typical logic, sometimes called “classical elementary logic” or “classical first-order logic”. Section 2 develops a formal language, with a rigorous syntax and grammar. The formal language is a recursively defined collection of strings on a fixed alphabet.
Introduction to Logic - Chapter 1 - Stanford University
网页We start with a look at the essential elements of logic - logical sentences, logical entailment, and logical proofs. We then see some of the problems with the use of natural language and see how those problems can be mitigated through the use of Symbolic Logic.
形式逻辑 - MBA智库百科
网页2017年1月9日 · 形式逻辑（Formal logic）是研究演绎推理及其规律的科学，包括对于词项和命题形式的逻辑性质的研究、思维结构的研究与必然推出的研究，它提供检验有效的推理和非有效推理的标准。
forall x: Calgary. A Free and Open Introduction to Formal Logic
网页forall x: Calgary is a full-featured textbook on formal logic. It covers key notions of logic such as consequence and validity of arguments, the syntax of truth-functional propositional logic TFL and truth-table semantics, the syntax of first-order (predicate) logic FOL with identity (first-order interpretations), symbolizing English in TFL and ...
An Introduction to Formal Logic
网页An Introduction to Formal Logic was originally published by Cambridge University Press (1st edition 2003; 2nd edition 2020). It began life as lecture notes for a course for first-year philosophers which I taught for many years.
网页In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehens-ible ‘tree’ method.