These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons. Bosons are the 'force carrying' or 'force-mediating' particles. If a fermion ...

Quantum technology has been attracting a lot of attention in recent years thanks to computers that exploit atomic properties ...

Since the launch of the Large Hadron Collider, there has been ongoing research there into Higgs bosons and a search for ...

It describes the forces and behavior of the Universe’s fundamental particles: quarks, leptons, and bosons. It is a very ...

At these extremely low temperatures, a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, forming a coherent superfluid. BECs exhibit unique quantum properties on a macroscopic scale, ...

This surprising subatomic world contains weak bosons, strange and charm quarks, tau-neutrinos, photons, muons, gluons and other oddly-named entities. Things that are formed of atoms and molecules ...