Objective To assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) compared with open microdiscectomy among patients with sciatica. Methods This economic ...

history of discitis Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy Contained or small noncontained disc herniation with radicular symptoms Severe motor deficits, codus or cauda equina syndrome, segmental ...

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar fusion is the treatment of choice in monosegmental lumbar degeneration. Percutaneous lumbar discectomy is indicated in noncontained disc herniations. Transforaminal ...