Pleurisy, or pleural effusion ... use of medication may be all the patient will need. If drainage is indicated, the patient will do as many times as necessary for to be cured.

Second, unmeasured confounding or residual confounding by indication for the method of pleural drainage may occur, potentially influencing our results in two disparate ways. If patients with more ...

Objective: To determine the comparative effectiveness of common pleural drainage procedures for treatment of pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic effusion (ie, complicated pneumonia).