One can divide lacrimal drainage system tests into functional and anatomical evaluations. The functional (physiological) tests are designed to assess tear flow under natural physiological ...

The term functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction (FNLDO; watering with patent drainage) is misleading as it implies occluded drainage and solely nasolacrimal duct pathology. 'Normal' tear ...

While mechanical flushing, threading a cannula, or probing are done in humans and other animals to relieve nasolacrimal duct obstruction, not all these techniques are appropriate for rabbits and ...