Percutaneous lumbar discectomy is indicated in noncontained disc herniations. Transforaminal endoscopic microdiscectomy differs from other percutaneous discectomy procedures in that direct ...

Standard microdiscectomy Leg pain exceeding back pain, radicular signs and symptoms with corresponding imaging studies, failure to improve after conservative therapy- Automated percutaneous ...

Methods This economic evaluation was conducted alongside a 12-month multicentre randomised controlled trial with a non-inferiority design, in which patients were randomised to PTED or open ...

In some situations, in addition to discectomy, a vertebral fusion procedure is also required. Although the fine details of surgical technique are beyond the scope of this paper, two cases have been ...