The term functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction (FNLDO ... therefore comprises an inhomogeneous group of patients for whom treatment should, logically, be sequential. First, medical measures ...

The third element, being the clearance mechanism, collectively comprises lower lid form and function, punctal and canalicular structure and dynamics, and nasolacrimal duct physiology. These three ...

Animal technicians or veterinarians unfamiliar with overt clinical diseases in rabbits may not recognize inflammation and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. Furthermore, these conditions ...

Epiphora, or excessive tearing, can disrupt daily life; it may stem from various causes, including aging, dry eyes, and ...