Unfortunately, in up to 30–40% of patients that chronically consume opioids, opioid-induced hyperalgesia occurs. [59] This condition refers to a generalized and increasing pain sensitivity that ...

The analgesic properties of codeine have been speculated to come from its conversion to morphine, although the exact mechanism ... depression). Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and allodynia ...

The precise mechanism of action is not known but ... related hypoxemia); consider dose reduction if CSA develops. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and allodynia; consider decreasing dose of ...