Additionally, muscle or nerve disorders can impair the orbicularis oculi, making winking difficult or impossible. Even minor ...

Discovered by French anatomist Duchenne de Boulogne in 1862, the key difference between this “real” happy smile and a “fake” happy smile lies in the orbicularis oculi – muscles that wrap ...

The facial muscle activity was recorded using electromyography (EMG), focusing on three key muscles: the zygomaticus major (which pulls the lips into a smile), the orbicularis oculi (which creates ...