The spinal disc is a round, multi-layered ligament that connects two vertebral bones together. The fibers of each of the layers are crossed like a basket weave and are at different angles to ...

Patients with vertebral fractures, particularly severe fractures, may face greater risks for worsening spinal degeneration.

The spine consists of bones called vertebrae and discs between two bones. The disc is an avascular structure – meaning it has ...

Total disc replacement has become a popular motion-preserving option for spine surgeons and patients. Here are five key numbers to know: ...

Conclusions: Although the study was limited, the results suggest that elite athletes have a greater prevalence and greater degree of lumbar disc degeneration than the normal population. A more ...

J Neurosurg Spine 2004; 1: 143–54. MEDLINE 2. Mayer HM: Total disc replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005; 87: 1029–37. MEDLINE 3. Blumenthal S, McAfee PC, Guyer RD et al.: A prospective ...