The relative influence of biotic factors for the distribution of organisms increased when external forcing was low. At periods with weak wind forcing, phytoplankton typically showed highest ...

For example, we estimate that, in Lake Erie, 0.85% of the wind energy is transferred to the lake interior (below the surface layer); of this, 40% is dissipated in the interior metalimnion and 60% is ...

Have you ever jumped off a dock and felt an unexpected chill as the water quickly got colder the deeper you went, only to ...

Effects of changes in herbivory on phytoplankton communities have been discussed (Chapter 11) and we have compared the distinctive habitats for algae provided by the epilimnion and metalimnion ...