Purpose: The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosage and administration, and formulary considerations of tiotropium are discussed. Conclusion ...

Missing data in 2% of patients. § Placebo n = 2909; tiotropium n = 2888. ¶ Used alone or as a fixed combination. BD: Bronchodilator; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV 1 ...