King of England from 25 December 1066. He was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert the Devil whom he succeeded as Duke of Normandy in 1035. Claiming that his 2nd cousin King Edward the Confessor had ...

1135 Stephen usurps the throne from Matilda, Henry’s daughter. 1136 The Earl of Norfolk leads the first rebellion against Stephen starting civil war known as 'The Anarchy'. 1136 Owain Gwynedd of Wales ...

757 - Offa seizes the Kingdom Mercia after the murder of his cousin Aethelbald. 776 - Defeats the men of Kent at Otford 779 - Offa defeats Cynewulf of Wessex at Bensington in Oxfordshire. 784 - Offa ...

974-985 Hywel ab Ieuaf (Hywel the bad) Lord of Gwynedd 985-986 Cadwallon ab Ieuaf Lord of Gwynedd 999-1005 Maredudd ap Owain Lord of Gwynedd & Dehuebarth 1005-1018 Aeddan ap Blegywryd Lord of Gwynedd ...

King of England 939–46. The son of Edward the Elder, he succeeded his half-brother, Athelstan, as king in 939. He succeeded in regaining control of Mercia, which on his accession had fallen to the ...

Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim) son of Malcolm I became King when Culen was killed, but faced a challenge from Culen’s brother Olaf. The challenge was ended when Kenneth had Olaf killed in 977.

The main element of the Royal Arms is the shield which is divided into four quarters (see diagram). The three golden lions on a red background, symbolising England, occupy the first and fourth ...

Malcolm (Máel Coluim mac Eanric) was 12 years old when he became King on the death of his grandfather. He did not marry and was named ’The Maiden’ after his vows of chastity. Henry II of England ...

Donald (Domnall mac Causantín) was the son of Constantine. He succeeded Eochaid and Giric and annexed Srathclyde, establishling himself as King of the Scots. He had some success against the Vikings in ...

1018 - Malcolm II defeats a force of English and Vikings at Carham, and extends Scottish rule into Lothian and Northumbria. 1069 - Malcolm marries his 2nd wife Margaret of Wessex sister of Edgar the ...