A thorough history can lead to information regarding medications that can contribute to punctal stenosis. Conjunctivochalasis is an under-recognized cause of upper lacrimal system epiphora.

The term functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction (FNLDO; watering with patent drainage) is misleading as it implies occluded drainage and solely nasolacrimal duct pathology. 'Normal' tear ...

You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways. The lacrimal system consists of the lacrimal glands, the tear film in contact with the ...