The current magma formation theory has many shortcomings and is unable to address issues such as the origin of granites and ...
But landforms can also be created when the lithosphere, which consists of the crust and the relatively brittle upper layer of the mantle, gets especially thick. Mountains create a lot of pressure ...
The processes led to the lithosphere, which consists of the Earth's crust and upper mantle, thinning and extending seaward.