Defining futility in COPD can be especially challenging. A malignancy that has progressed despite a series of treatment regimens can allow patients, physicians, and family to address the issue of ...

This can then lead to rebound hypertension and increased brain swelling. Hypercapnia can also be harmful, causing brain arterial dilation and increased intracranial pressure. Therefore ...

During these events, the oxygen content of fetal blood may decrease (hypoxemia), and the carbon dioxide or carbonic acid content of the fetal blood may increase (hypercapnia). Despite the adaptive ...