Microdiscectomy is the gold standard treatment for uncomplicated HNP. LSS has an insidious onset. Often, clinical presentation is a long history of intermittent back pain and gradual decrease in ...

Percutaneous lumbar discectomy is indicated in noncontained disc herniations. Transforaminal endoscopic microdiscectomy differs from other percutaneous discectomy procedures in that direct ...

Methods This economic evaluation was conducted alongside a 12-month multicentre randomised controlled trial with a non-inferiority design, in which patients were randomised to PTED or open ...

In some situations, in addition to discectomy, a vertebral fusion procedure is also required. Although the fine details of surgical technique are beyond the scope of this paper, two cases have been ...