In this Review, we first discuss the biochemistry and pathophysiology of peroxynitrite and then focus on pharmacological strategies to attenuate the toxic effects of peroxynitrite. These include ...

Medically reviewed by Kashif J. Piracha, MD Kidney stones and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are closely linked. Kidney ...

Pathophysiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia Video content above is prompted by the following: What are the symptoms of IDA symptoms and how do they impact patients’ quality of life?

Your risk of developing bowel (colon and rectal) cancer depends on many things including age, genetics and lifestyle factors. What is a risk factor? Anything that can increase your risk of getting a ...

Morton’s neuroma is a common foot problem where compression on a nerve in the ball of the foot causes burning, tingling, and pain near the third and fourth toes. It can make you feel like you have a ...

Correspondence to: Prof. M Levin, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK; m.levin{at}ic.ac.uk Neisseria ...

Hives are a common allergy response to foods, medication, or environmental exposure. The itchy rash and red welts also can occur with chronic autoimmune conditions, infections, and other medical ...

The inflammatory process both reduces collagen synthesis by inhibiting the smooth muscle cell and causes its death by apoptosis. Macrophages also produce a wide range of metalloproteinases capable of ...

Most people think of diarrhea as an illness when they have more frequent, loose, watery stools. Almost everyone has it at some point. In developing countries, where illnesses that cause diarrhea ...

We discuss the pathophysiology of clinically stable COPD and examine the impact of acutely increased expiratory flow limitation on the compromised respiratory system. Finally, we review the chain of ...