The scan included the cervical portion of the jugular vein to the subclavian confluence and the upper extremity axillary and the subclavian vein segment in its entirety except for the subclavian ...

Autologous arteriovenous access is the key to long-term success with hemodialysis and is strongly supported by the National Kidney Foundation's Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines.

it is not possible to effectively treat the stenosis without some of the stent graft protruding into the axillary vein. There are concerns that stent protrusion can lead to axillary/subclavian ...