Epithelial-derived IL-33 (Interleukin-33), as a member of alarm signals, is a chemical substance produced under harmful stimuli that can promote innate immunity and activate adaptive immune responses.
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process that generates ectopic bone in soft tissues. Hedgehog signaling (Hh signaling) is a signaling pathway that plays an important role in embryonic ...