北极（2. 海冰） - 知乎 - 知乎专栏
new ice有frazil ice，直径3-4mm的针状冰晶，这些冰晶漂浮在水面上，慢慢聚拢固结，在平静的海水环境下先是形成一层薄薄的，光滑的像油似的grease ice，再慢慢变厚变亮为nilas并漂流。
Lake ice quality in a warming world - Nature
2024年9月19日 — Black ice (also called clear ice or congelation ice) is solid and transparent, whereas white ice (also called snow ice or superimposed ice) is opaque and structurally weaker, owing to its...
Structural characteristics of congelation and platelet ice and their ...
Two primary ice types were observed, congelation and platelet, with a minor amount of frazil ice. Congelation ice growth precedes platelet-ice accretion. Congelation-ice fabrics show frequent moderate to strong alignments, a phenomenon believed to be due to water-current control of selective ice-crystal growth.
Congelation ice | ice formation | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica
Congelation ice, with its distinctive columnar crystal texture due to the downward growth of the ice crystals into the water, is very common in Arctic pack ice and fast ice. Read More
Sea Ice Modelling - SpringerLink
2019年11月13日 — Sea ice grows by different thermodynamic mechanisms, which show up in a layered vertical structure. The main forms of ice are congelation ice, snow-ice and frazil ice (Eicken and Lange 1989). Congelation ice crystals grow down from the bottom of ice as normally ice grows in lakes. It is the dominant form of ice in the Arctic Ocean.
Towards critical white ice conditions in lakes under global …
2022年8月25日 — The ice layer on lakes commonly consists of black and/or white ice, also referred to as congelation ice and snow-ice, respectively 14.
Science of Sea Ice | National Snow and Ice Data Center
Ice continues growing when crystals grow directly on the bottom of the ice surface. This bottom ice growth is called congelation ice. Congelation ice crystals are long and vertical because they grow much slower than frazil ice.
Structure and Properties of Lake Ice | SpringerLink
The crystal structure is studied in ice laboratory with optical methods, and lake ice crystal structure types form the basis of genetic ice classification: congelation ice, snow-ice, and frazil ice. Mechanical fractures and accumulation of ice blocks and floes form agglomerate ice.
Physics of seasonally ice-covered lakes: a review
2012年10月13日 — In boreal lakes, congelation ice (Fig. 3 a, b) is the dominant ice type (Gow 1986). If the crystals in the primary ice layer have a vertical orientation, the same pattern develops in the secondary ice with the formation of large (macro) crystals of 10 cm in size.
A second type of ice is formed by the freezing of karst water entering the cave and is referred to as congelation ice. Its occurrence is not restricted to parts close to the entrance, but to...