Pelagic zone - Wikipedia
The pelagic zone refers to the open, free waters away from the shore, where marine life can swim freely in any direction unhindered by topographical constraints. The oceanic zone is the deep open ocean beyond the continental shelf, which contrasts with the inshore waters near the coast, such as in estuaries or on the continental shelf.
Pelagic zone | Definition, Location, Depth, Animals, & Facts
Pelagic zone, ecological realm that includes the entire ocean water column. Of all the inhabited Earth environments, the pelagic zone has the largest volume, 1,370,000,000 kilometers (330,000,000 cubic miles), and the greatest vertical range, 11,000 meters (36,000 feet).
Pelagic fish - Wikipedia
Marine pelagic fish can be divided into coastal (inshore) fish and oceanic (offshore) fish. Coastal pelagic fish inhabit the relatively shallow and sunlit waters above the continental shelf, while oceanic pelagic fish inhabit the vast and deep waters beyond the continental shelf (even though they also may swim inshore). [3] [4]
What are pelagic fish? - NOAA's National Ocean Service
Pelagic fish can be categorized as coastal and oceanic fish, based on the depth of the water they inhabit. Coastal pelagic fish inhabit sunlit waters up to about 655 feet deep, typically above the continental shelf. Examples of species include forage fish such as anchovies, sardines, shad, and menhaden and the predatory fish that feed on them.
What are Pelagic Fish? An In-Depth Overview - American Oceans
Pelagic fish are a diverse group of aquatic species that inhabit the open waters of the world’s oceans. They can be found throughout the entire water column, from the surface to the deep sea, and they play critical roles in marine ecosystems.
Open Ocean | Oceana
The epipelagic zone (or upper open ocean) is the part of the ocean where there is enough sunlight for algae to utilize photosynthesis (the process by which organisms use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into food). Generally speaking, this zone reaches from the sea surface down to approximately 200 m (650 feet).
Marine biogeographic realms and species endemicity - Nature
2017年10月20日 · Analysis of pelagic species recognizes five realms within which other realms are nested. These maps integrate the biogeography of coastal and deep-sea, pelagic and benthic environments, and...
How Do Marine Pelagic Species Respond to Climate Change?
We describe a theory that allows us to understand and predict how marine species react to climate-induced changes in ecological conditions, how communities form and are reconfigured, and so how biodiversity is arranged and may respond to climate change.
Global decline of pelagic fauna in a warmer ocean - Nature
2022年9月29日 · The pelagic zone—the vast volume of open-ocean water from the surface to the seabed—is the largest living space of the planet. This three-dimensional environment holds half of the global primary...
Resilience and stability of a pelagic marine ecosystem
2016年1月13日 · In marine ecosystems, adaptations to more red-shifted drivers (i.e. higher variance at lower temporal frequencies) should favour compensatory dynamics among species. Furthermore, shorter generation times relative to the characteristic timescale of environmental variability affect the response to climate drivers [ 24 , 40 , 45 ].